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Haïti : Citadelle la FerrièreHaïti : Citadelle la Ferrière

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History November 21, 2023

Haiti: The History of the World’s First Free Black Nation

Haiti, the pearl of the Antilles, is a Caribbean island with a rich and complex history. However, its special status as the world’s first free black nation gives it a unique place in the annals of history. This small island was the scene of an extraordinary revolution which resulted in independence, thus marking the beginning of a new era for the black community and the abolition of slavery. Let’s delve into the captivating story of the birth of the first black republic, Haiti. b~The colonial era and slavery~b Haiti’s history dates back to the arrival of Europeans in the 15th century, when Christopher Columbus discovered the island. European settlers, mainly Spanish and French, introduced slavery to exploit the island’s resources, including sugar, coffee and cotton. The indigenous Native American population was decimated, paving the way for the massive importation of African slaves. b~The Haitian Revolution~b On August 14, 1791, Haitian slaves rose up against their oppressors, sparking the Haitian Revolution. Under the leadership of iconic figures such as Toussaint Louverture, Jean-Jacques Dessalines and Henri Christophe, the insurgent slaves inflicted defeats on European armies, demonstrating fierce resistance and a desperate quest for freedom. b~The Declaration of Independence and the creation of the Republic of Haiti~b On January 1, 1804, Haïti proclaimed its independence, becoming the world’s first free black nation. This historic declaration symbolized the end of slavery and the triumph of the will of a people determined to live free. The Republic of Haïti was born in struggle and blood, asserting its autonomy in the face of the colonial powers. b~Post-independence challenges~b However, independence did not mean the end of challenges for Haiti. The country had to face external pressure, reparations imposed by France in exchange for recognition of its independence, as well as internal unrest. Despite these obstacles, Haïti strove to build a free and sovereign nation. The story of Haïti is that of a nation that overcame countless challenges to emerge as a pioneer of freedom for the black population. The Haitian Revolution remains a unique example of resistance, courage and determination, and Haïti continues to carry the torch of independence in the contemporary world. The legacy of this small Caribbean island still resonates today, reminding the world that freedom is a universal right that can be won even in the most difficult circumstances.

Par Appolon Guy Alain |
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Conference / Festival Quatre Chemins / 21st edition

The impact of collective and individual trauma on the personal development of young people in Port-au-Prince While writers, actors, dancers, poets, among others, have gratified us with their performances, the master’s degree student in psychology at the Faculty of Human Sciences (FASCH), Lourdya Blaise, spoke with the audience about trauma. Structured around the theme "Youth and Trauma, analysis of the impact of collective and individual trauma on the personal development of young people living in Port-au-Prince between 2010-2024", this conference gave rise to enriching discussions. During this meeting, moderated by Michaël Formilus, Ms. Blaise showed how the events that have taken place in the country have caused cases of trauma among Haitians. According to the student, citing the American Psychological Association, we speak of trauma as a consequence of trauma. The latter is explained by the fact that we feel threatened, whether it is the person in question or their loved ones. However, she specifies that a collective trauma remains depending on the impact that the event has on the individual. To illustrate her remarks, she mentioned the earthquake of January 12, 2010, considered a collective trauma, insofar as it still occupies our minds. This tragedy reminds us of the disappearance of our loved ones and enormous losses. This is the case of a trauma that becomes a collective trauma. For the student, it should be emphasized that when an event occurs, some people are traumatized and others are not. According to him, the violence of armed gangs is not perceived in the same way, says Ms. Blaise. There are people who have fled their homes but are not traumatized. In fact, some people see traumatic situations as a passing event, she says. The speaker also spoke about collective trauma, which, according to him, preoccupies the mind, even if we no longer experience it. It manifests itself in several forms: lack of sleep, fear psychosis, intrusive thoughts, intense heartbeat, etc. Generally, symptoms related to trauma are hard to die. When it persists, it becomes acute stress. To deal with it, we must talk to other people. If the situation persists, acute stress turns into a phase of post-traumatic stress; in this case, we must confide in a trusted person or go see a mental health specialist, she advises. In her presentation, Lourdya Bazile also drew attention to the psychological state of children in these times. According to the presenter, children are also facing this crisis situation, even if they do not talk about it to their parents. As much as adults, children also plan their future. Faced with flouted school years, they become pensive and worried, she stressed. They withdraw. The child who used to be brilliant can become violent and perform less well at school. Parents are called upon to listen to them and understand them. A good moment of exchange, rich in practical advice. The audience participated fully. In turn, the presenter invites them to breathe better and meditate. "We live in a country where worries mix, we must take time for ourselves, do sports, eat well, make sure that the sleeping space is clean and take time for ourselves. There is more than one way to find calm," recalls the psychologist. Gertrude Jean-Louis

Christmas in Haiti: Between Magic, Discoveries and Delicacies

The joyful ringing of bells echoes through the streets of Haïti as the holiday season approaches. Christmas is a magical time when the streets light up, families gather and a warm atmosphere invades the island. Between traditions, cultural discoveries and gourmet feasts, Christmas in Haïti promises a unique experience. b~The Magic of Lights and Decorations~b From the beginning of December, Haïti is adorned with sparkling lights and festive decorations. The markets come alive with shimmering garlands, twinkling stars and ornate fir trees. The streets of Port-au-Prince in Jacmel shine with a special magic, inviting locals and visitors to immerse themselves in the festive spirit. b~Haitian Traditions at Christmas~b Christmas in Haïti is celebrated with a unique combination of religious traditions and local customs. Midnight Mass is a deeply rooted tradition, drawing worshipers to churches to celebrate the birth of Jesus in a vibrant atmosphere of song and prayer. A popular tradition is the "Dawn Mass" which takes place at dawn on December 25. The faithful gather to welcome Christmas Day with special fervor, testifying to the deep spirituality that permeates the festivities. The festivities are not limited to churches. Street parades, folk dances and concerts are commonplace, creating a joyful atmosphere throughout the country. Traditional Haitian music, such as direct compass and voodoo, adds a special dimension to these celebrations. b~Cultural Discoveries: Haitian Crafts~b Christmas is also an ideal opportunity to discover unique Haitian crafts. Christmas markets offer a variety of handicrafts, such as wooden sculptures, vivid paintings, wrought iron items and traditional jewelry. These works of art reflect the artistic talent of the Haitian people and provide unique and meaningful gifts. Local markets, such as the Ferrier market in Cap-Haitien and the Jacmel market, are essential places to discover the authenticity of Haitian crafts. These purchases also help support local artists and the community economy. b~Gourmet Feasts: Christmas Cuisine~b Christmas in Haïti is also a gastronomic celebration. Families gather around festive tables laden with traditional culinary delights. “Joumou soup”, a pumpkin soup, is an essential specialty of the holiday season. Pork, lamb and chicken dishes are also common, accompanied by rice and local vegetables. Traditional desserts, such as “Pen patat” and “Tablèt Pistach,” add a sweet touch to the celebration. Tropical fruits, such as mangoes and bananas, are also often present on Christmas tables, recalling the richness of Haitian biodiversity. Christmas in Haïti is a vibrant celebration that blends the magic of lights, religious traditions, local crafts and delicious cuisine. It is a time when joy and generosity are in the spotlight, and when Haitians open their hearts to share the magic of the season with the world.

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History

History

First black nation to free itself from slavery and gain independence from France in 1804 and influenced other liberation movements around the world, inspiring struggles for freedom and equality.

Natural beauty

Natural beauty

Haïti is blessed with spectacular natural landscapes, including white sand beaches, mountains and rich biodiversity.

Heritage

Heritage

Haïti has a rich historical heritage, including sites like the Citadelle Laferrière and the Sans-Souci Palace, listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Culture

Culture

Haïti has a rich and diverse culture, influenced by African, European and indigenous elements. Haitian music, dance, art and cuisine are celebrated around the world.

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