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Haïti : Citadelle la FerrièreHaïti : Citadelle la Ferrière

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History April 03, 2024

Haïti / Fort Saint-Joseph: Historical Vestige of the Resistance

Located in the Bay of Cap-Haitien, Fort Saint-Joseph stands like a silent guardian of Haiti’s tumultuous history. Built in two stages, in 1748 and 1774, this defensive work was once a crucial element of the city’s protection system against French colonial assaults. Alongside other forts such as Picolet and Magny, its mission was to control maritime passages and defend Haitian sovereignty. However, its history is not limited to its defensive function. In 1802, then under the control of General Henry Christophe, the fort became the scene of a heroic act of resistance. Faced with the French expeditionary army, Christophe ordered the destruction of the powder magazine and the entrance gate to the fort, thus rendering it temporarily unusable. This courageous gesture, although tactical, left indelible scars on the very structure of the fort, testifying to the fierce clashes between French colonial forces and Haitian resistance fighters. These historic marks, still visible today, offer a window into the country’s tumultuous past. They allow visitors and historians to interpret the fierce struggles that forged Haitian identity. Fort Saint-Joseph, as a witness to the resistance and the struggle for freedom, embodies the indomitable spirit of the Haitian people. Recognizing its historical significance, the Haitian government officially classified Fort Saint-Joseph as national heritage in 1995. This recognition paved the way for restoration efforts aimed at preserving this precious vestige of Haitian military heritage. Thanks to collaboration between the public sector and local private funding, the fort has recently been restored and enhanced. Thus, Fort Saint-Joseph remains much more than a simple stone structure. It is a living symbol of the resilience and determination of the Haitian people, reminding all visitors that Haiti’s history is deeply rooted in the struggle for freedom and human dignity. To virtually discover this jewel of Haitian history, you can visit the following link: https://haitiwonderland.com/haiti-virtual-reality-ht/monuments-histoire/haiti--fort-saint-joseph--visite- virtual/11

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Jean-Jacques Dessalines, leader of the Haitian Revolution

In the annals of the history of Haiti, an island located in the Caribbean at the entrance to the Gulf of Mexico and shared with the Dominican Republic, Jean-Jacques Dessalines emerges like a phoenix from the ashes of oppression. Born a slave on September 20, 1758 in the home of Henri Duclos, in Cormier (Grande-Rivière-du-Nord), in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, Dessalines was a Creole of African (Afro-Caribbean) origin. Freed during the 1794 abolition achieved through slave revolts, actually served as an officer in the French army during the French Revolution. At that time, the ideas of freedom and equality were at the heart of the concerns of the inhabitants of the colonies. Dessalines actively participated in the fighting against the Spanish and British forces, alongside the French, in Santo Domingo. Having risen to the rank of Lieutenant General, Jean-Jacques Dessalines turned against the French during the Leclerc expedition, sent to Saint-Domingue by Bonaparte to reestablish colonial authority and slavery during the Haitian Revolution. After the capture and deportation of Toussaint Louverture to France on June 7, 1802, Dessalines assumed a leading role in continuing the struggle for independence. He led numerous battles, including the battle of Crête-à-Pierrot in March 1802, where he galvanized his soldiers with his famous declaration: “Let those who want to remain slaves of the French leave the fort, let those, on the contrary, who want to die as free men, line up around me.” On January 1, 1804, Jean-Jacques Dessalines achieved the long-awaited goal of independence by proclaiming Haïti as a sovereign nation, becoming the second country in the Americas to gain independence from a colonial power. He became the first leader of the newly formed nation and was named Emperor under the name James I. However, his imperial reign was marked by authoritarian and brutal policies, including the massacre of many white settlers and the redistribution of land to peasants that was in the hands of the generals of the independence army. In addition, he organized the hunt for delinquents in the city while implementing rigorous agrarian policies, considering that they represented a threat to the stability of the nation, these controversial actions caused divisions within Haitian society. Dessalines was assassinated on October 17, 1806 following a plot organized by some of his generals in the Haitian army. His death marked the end of his brief but influential period in power. Despite the controversies surrounding his methods, he is recognized as the main architect of Haiti’s independence and his name was honored in 1903 by being attributed to the Haitian national anthem, La Dessalinienne, composed by Justin Lhérisson.Finally, the great visionary man Jean Jacques Dessalines remains an emblematic figure in the history of Haiti, recognized for his role in the fight for independence and the end of slavery in the region.

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History

History

First black nation to free itself from slavery and gain independence from France in 1804 and influenced other liberation movements around the world, inspiring struggles for freedom and equality.

Natural beauty

Natural beauty

Haïti is blessed with spectacular natural landscapes, including white sand beaches, mountains and rich biodiversity.

Heritage

Heritage

Haïti has a rich historical heritage, including sites like the Citadelle Laferrière and the Sans-Souci Palace, listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Culture

Culture

Haïti has a rich and diverse culture, influenced by African, European and indigenous elements. Haitian music, dance, art and cuisine are celebrated around the world.